Changes

February 2026 (v 2.0.1)

Chapters added or updated:

Ejective p (George Moroz, Vasiliy Zerzele)
Ejective s (George Moroz, Vasiliy Zerzele)
Gemination (George Moroz, Vasiliy Zerzele)
Labialization (George Moroz, Vasiliy Zerzele)
Labial approximant and related sounds (George Moroz, Vasiliy Zerzele)
Lateral fricatives and affricates (George Moroz, Vasiliy Zerzele)
Imperative interjection ‘here, take it!’ (Timur Maisak)
Gender agreement slot in adjectives (Alina Khurges)
Gender agreement slot in verb forms (Ivan Olkhov)

July 2025 (v 2.0.0)

Chapters added:

Numeral morphology (Maksim Melenchenko)
Origin of the numeral marker (Maksim Melenchenko)
Regularity of the numeral marker (Maksim Melenchenko)
Presence of the numeral marker in the numeral ‘1’ (Maksim Melenchenko)
Presence of the numeral marker in the numerals ‘2’–‘10’ (Maksim Melenchenko)
Presence of the numeral marker in the numeral ‘20’ (Maksim Melenchenko)
Presence of the numeral marker in the numeral ‘100’ (Maksim Melenchenko)
Presence of the numeral marker in the numeral ‘1 000’ (Maksim Melenchenko)
Special endings for crowns from 30 to 90 (Maksim Melenchenko)
Origin of the ‘ten’ component in crowns (Maksim Melenchenko)
Presence of the numeral marker in complex numerals (Maksim Melenchenko)
Presence of a class suffix in the numeral marker (Maksim Melenchenko)
Presence of the numeral marker in ordinals (Maksim Melenchenko)
Root for ‘hundred’ (Maksim Melenchenko)
Demonstratives (Timofey Mukhin)
Derivation of distributives (Maksim Melenchenko)
Causatives: expression type (Daria Izmalkova)
Numeral Bases (Maksim Melenchenko)
Farewell wishes (Nina Dobrushina)
The ergative-absolutive distinction in personal pronouns (Irina Politova)
Number of morphological slots in spatial forms (Alexandra Nogina)
Jussive (Nina Dobrushina)
Gender agreement slot in nominal inflectional paradigms (Rita Popova)
Plural marking on imperatives and prohibitives (Vasiliy Zerzele)
Distinction between transitive and intransitive imperatives (Maria Starodubtseva)
Inclusive/exclusive distinction in pronouns (Asya Alekseeva, Michael Daniel)
Path encoding (Vasiliy Zerzele)
Expression of the sense ‘to work’ (Svetlana Zemicheva, Konstantin Filatov)
Commemorative formulas (Nina Dobrushina)
Specialized number agreement of adnominal adjectives (Aigul Zakirova)
Verbal negation (Maksim Melenchenko)
Negation with prefixes, infixes and particles (Maksim Melenchenko)
Negation with suffixes (Maksim Melenchenko)
Negation with auxiliaries (Maksim Melenchenko)
Negation with reduplication (Maksim Melenchenko)

July 2022 (v 1.0.0)

Chapters added:

Evidentiality as part of the tense system (Samira Verhees)
Standard of comparison (Chiara Naccarato)
Perfect (Samira Verhees)
Particles of reported speech and inference (Samira Verhees)
Morning greetings (Chiara Naccarato, Samira Verhees)
Ordinal numerals (Polina Nasledskova, Ivan Netkachev)
Optatives (Nina Dobrushina)
Prohibitive and its relation with the imperative (Samira Ochs)
Long vowels (George Moroz)
Nasalization (George Moroz)
Palatalized consonants (George Moroz)
Pharyngealization (George Moroz)
Pharyngeals (George Moroz)
Umlaut vowels (George Moroz)
Uvular voiced stop (George Moroz)
Velar fricatives (George Moroz)
Voiceless obstruents (George Moroz)
Evidentiality (Samira Verhees)
On the phonology of East Caucasian languages (George Moroz)
Comitative (Sara Zadykian, Chiara Naccarato)
Attributive caritive markers (Anastasia Panova)
Adverbial caritive markers (Anastasia Panova)
Adpositions (Polina Nasledskova, Tatiana Philippova)
Dominant adpositional case (Polina Nasledskova, Tatiana Philippova)
Agreement of adpositions with the absolutive/nominative argument (Polina Nasledskova, Tatiana Philippova)
Days before and after today (Timofey Dedov)
Days before today (Timofey Dedov)