See data and maps.
Melenchenko, M. (2022). “Presence of the numeral marker in ordinals”. In: Typological Atlas of the Languages of Daghestan (TALD). Ed. by M. Daniel, K. Filatov, T. Maisak, G. Moroz, T. Mukhin, C. Naccarato and S. Verhees. Moscow: Linguistic Convergence Laboratory, NRU HSE. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6807070. http://lingconlab.ru/dagatlas.
@incollection{melenchenko2022,
title = {Presence of the numeral marker in ordinals},
author = {Maksim Melenchenko},
year = {2022},
editor = {Michael Daniel and Konstantin Filatov and Timur Maisak and George Moroz and Timofey Mukhin and Chiara Naccarato and Samira Verhees},
publisher = {Linguistic Convergence Laboratory, NRU HSE},
address = {Moscow},
booktitle = {Typological Atlas of the Languages of Daghestan (TALD)},
url = {http://lingconlab.ru/dagatlas},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.6807070},
}This chapter is dedicated to presence or absence of the numeral marker in ordinal numerals across the East Caucasian family.
Ordinals express the index of an object in a row of other objects, e.g. English ‘fourth’. Ordinals have their own suffixes, but in some East Caucasian languages these suffixes also contain numeral markers:
| ɬab-da-ƛo-b |
| three-num-ord-cm |
| ‘third’ |
In others, the numeral marker is absent:
| ɬabi-liƛa-b | kalasi |
| three-ord-cm | class |
| ‘third class’ |
In East Caucasian languages, ordinal markers commonly originate in past participles from the verb ‘say’ with different aspectual features, as shown by (Nasledskova, Netkachev 2021; Martzloff 2017: 156). This feature is not mapped in WALS, though it includes a map on expression of the first three natural numerals in the ordinal series (Stolz, Veselinova 2013).
In Dargic languages ordinals usually do not have a numeral marker, while in Lezgic and Tsezic languages they usually do. Apart from that, this feature is rather inconsistent across branches.