See data and maps.
Melenchenko, M. (2022). “Origin of the ‘ten’ component in crowns”. In: Typological Atlas of the Languages of Daghestan (TALD). Ed. by M. Daniel, K. Filatov, T. Maisak, G. Moroz, T. Mukhin, C. Naccarato and S. Verhees. Moscow: Linguistic Convergence Laboratory, NRU HSE. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6807070. http://lingconlab.ru/dagatlas.
@incollection{melenchenko2022,
title = {Origin of the ‘ten’ component in crowns},
author = {Maksim Melenchenko},
year = {2022},
editor = {Michael Daniel and Konstantin Filatov and Timur Maisak and George Moroz and Timofey Mukhin and Chiara Naccarato and Samira Verhees},
publisher = {Linguistic Convergence Laboratory, NRU HSE},
address = {Moscow},
booktitle = {Typological Atlas of the Languages of Daghestan (TALD)},
url = {http://lingconlab.ru/dagatlas},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.6807070},
}This chapter is dedicated to the origin of the root which denotes ‘ten’ in crowns across the East Caucasian family.
Crowns from 30 to 90 often use specific roots as components for ‘ten’. In most languages these roots originate in distorted roots for the numeral ‘ten’, preserving the ejective consonant /c’/ in variations of this root across languages. For example, for Godoberi (Tatevosov 1996: 29) reports that «both [roots for ‘ten’ in numerals 30—99] c’a and c’ali are likely to be etymologically related to hac’a ‘10’», even though «it seems to be rather awkward to treat them as allomorphs of hac’a». This map shows the distribution of possible origins of the ‘ten’ component used in crowns.
In Hunzib and Bezhta of the Tsezic branch the root is rig-/jig-, which are seemingly cognates. The origin of this root is unknown:
| ɬa.na=rig-no | ɬi-no |
| three.num=ten-add | five-num |
| ‘35’ |
In Archi, the ‘ten’ root which is used in crowns is also of an unknown source:
| diɬ-ij-‹t’›u |
| six-ten-num‹cm› |
| ‘60’ |